Points-Based Immigration System
The UK's points-based immigration system replaced freedom of movement for EU nationals after Brexit and applies to most migrants from all countries. It allocates points for characteristics such as having a job offer from an approved sponsor, meeting the salary threshold, and English language ability. Most work and study routes require applicants to accumulate enough points to be eligible.
The UK's points-based immigration system (PBS) came into full effect on 1 January 2021, applying equally to EEA and non-EEA nationals. Most work routes (Skilled Worker, Health and Care Worker, Global Business Mobility) require applicants to accumulate 70 points: mandatory points for a sponsor, an eligible job offer, and English language proficiency; tradeable points for salary or shortage occupation status. Study routes (Student visa) also operate on a points basis. The Seasonal Worker and Graduate routes have simplified criteria. The PBS replaced the old Tier system. A key feature is that it is employer-led — individuals cannot come to the UK to look for work; they need a specific job offer from a licensed sponsor. Employers wishing to hire from abroad must first apply for a sponsor licence (cost: £536 for small/charitable sponsors, £1,476 for medium/large). The Home Office publishes lists of eligible occupations and going rates which are periodically updated.